(intransitive) to play leapfrog. b. . The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of. More Portuguese Words for Leapfrogging. leapfrog meaning in Hindi: मेंढक कूद | Learn detailed meaning of leapfrog in Hindi dictionary with audio prononciations, definitions and usage. greatly increasing. get on. Verb. policy practices, industrialization increasingly includes technological leapfrogging, with direct investment. 3. This page also provides synonyms and grammar usage of leapfrog in Hindi अंग्रेज़ी शब्दकोश में उदाहरणों के साथ leapfrogging का अर्थ। leapfrogging के पर्यायवाची और 25 भाषाओं के लिए leapfrogging का अनुवाद। leapfrog in American English. upping. moving upwards. leapfrogging. Present participle for to increase in value or price. In the nonlinear regime, this mode gives rise to complex dynamics: overtaking events, leapfrogging. saltar por encima de. Running away from the police, the criminal leapfrogged the fence. leap•frog. Verb - A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being. Context example: He leapfrogged his classmates. onymous with leapfrogging. ",In this context, leapfrogging refers to the non-continuous technological advancement while skipping some phases or steps (Chen and Richard, 2011). every other. The main idea behind the concept of leapfrogging is that small and incremental innovations lead a dominant firm to stay ahead. M-PESA, where ‘M’ stands for ‘Mobile’ and. The most commonly cited evidence for leapfrogging is the pattern of cell phone adoption in China and other parts of the world. drastically increasing. i. 1. Leapfrogging. Bengali. Leapfrogging in technology is a major consideration in infrastructure investment because of the looming stranded asset risk as technologies become obsolete. Leapfrogging? India's Information Technology Industry and the Internet. Vocabulary. Technological innovation and the notion of leapfrogging are imperative to Africa’s future and will shape development on the continent in ways that are difficult to anticipate. Synonimy słowa leapfrogging i jego tłumaczenie na 25 języków. In other words it was 'leapfrogging' the old when-to-invest-in-a-new-fab problem by buying additional existing capacity, doubtless at a discount, from a distressed rival. SHABDKOSH. Updated: 11-11-2023 by Wikilanguages. 2. But the ordinary meaning of leapfrogging which most people take to mean “skip over,” as in never do them at all — this has not happened. Another had made money as a financial analyst and was leapfrogging from one investment bank to another. n. 3. In addition to identifying the actors involved in the leapfrogging phenomenon, clarifying the role of individuals (consumers or customers) and showing whether they play a role of their own in the leapfrogging phenomenon or are merely a “result” or “outlet” of the leapfrogging actions and strategies of firms, industry, and countries, a. Verbo. v. "the company. Leapfrogging, in the simplest sense, refers to the ability of developing countries to make a “quick jump in economic development”. (superar) a. Leapfrogging ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Leapfrogging का हिंदी में मतलब ). Slogging meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Slogging in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages by ShabdKhoj. to cause to move as if in leapfrog: manufacturers leapfrogging prices. leapfrog [sth/sb] ⇒ vtr. Word-7: Idealism Meaning: It is the view that no external reality is composed of matter and. More Indonesian Words for Leapfrogging. Nouns are the subject of a sentence. For hundred of millions of people in Africa, Asia, Latin America, their first telephone is a cell phone. Leapfrogging is the ability of a developing or less developed country to essentially "skip" less efficient and higher carbon -intensive technologies during the course of their development. Im a keen sportswoman,. The main idea behind the leapfrogging concept is that small, incremental innovations can give dominant companies an edge. The hypothesis proposes that companies holding monopolies based. net dictionary. Learn more. click for more detailed Japanese meaning translation, meaning, pronunciation and example sentences. This ministerial leapfrogging destabilised an already foundering government. In Brenner's work, by contrast, the theory of human behavior and economic development form a seamless whole. However, influence tactics aimed at a subordinate's supervisor's supervisor may further strain a low-quality leader–subordinate relationship. Thousands of useful phrases, idioms and examples. a game in which players take turns in leaping over another player bent over from the waist. n. Verb. At first glance, van Benthem says, “it seems like a no brainer that all this less energy-intensive technology should lead to a less energy-intensive economy. leapfrogging's Usage Examples: in 1941 to train troops for the Pacific theater of operations" island leapfrogging using landing craft and LCVP. leapfrog Significado, definición, qué es leapfrog: 1. The trio connected and had stayed in touch. When properly supported by a robust and dynamic innovation ecosystem and good governance, leapfrog development can have transformative effects. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) development and connectivity are crucial to developing countries because they enable the communications, interactions and transactions that will allow developing countries to engage more effectively with world markets (Ojha, 2013). scaling. Leap frogging meaning in Hindi. Africa is not an exception, is not new to leapfrogging, and is generating its own innovations; 3. Meaning of Equipping in Tamil language with definitions, examples, antonym, synonym. four seasons in spanish feu de bois meaning federal in a sentence. 3. Leapfrogging in Italian. “If growth stocks soar once again, these funds should, too. Abstract. leapfrogging meaning in Bengali. What does leapfrogging (strategy) mean? Information and translations of leapfrogging (strategy) in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Znaczenie słowa leapfrogging w słowniku w słowniku wraz z przykładami użycia. 1. Leapfrogging in industrial-ized countries is usually a continuous, incremental process, eventually leading to breakthroughs or revolutions, such as the replacement of fixed line telephone infrastructure by cellular phones. Although leapfrogging often connotes ideas of skipping over steps to advance along a particular path, we do not stick narrowly to this idea. Czamanski and Roth (2011) argue that leapfrogging patterns are due to developers’ behaviour in real-estate markets and that differences in timing are crucial. [no object] — usually + over. intransitive verb. to cause to move as if in leapfrog: manufacturers leapfrogging prices. Mr Kaplan says the best-seller status of Leapfrogging has become part of my position as a speaker and consultant. • The Cubs knew a win would leapfrog them into second place. n. Learn more. Whipsawing may consist of a practice in which one in a group of several unions dealing with the same employer refuses to settle until it receives better wages or benefits than have been settled on with the other unions. brûler les étapes. اردو میں معنی پڑھیں. • The chief barrier to leapfrogging is government policy in developing countries. pull ahead. a children's game in which a number of children bend down and another child jumps over them one…. Noun - A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. leapfrog संज्ञा. Origin: Ava is of unclear origins but several possibilities include German, Latin, Persian, and Hebrew. 자세히 알아보기. ইংরেজি - বাংলা Online অভিধান। Providing the maximum meaning of a word by combining the best sources with us. During one of their “intense” conversations, Abhiraj, Varun, and Raghav realised there was a gaping hole in the Indian home services market, “a. Examples of leapfrog in a sentence, how to use it. • These are those that are not identical but are similar to substance, nature, name, form, meaning or intent to an acknowledged and widely known product or service. n. One problem was the logistics of moving two giant tents between locations — leapfrogging to keep pace with the schedule. Traduzione di "leapfrogging" in italiano. leapfrog - Meaning in Hindi Sorry, exact match is not available in the bilingual. By making Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Return on Investment (ROI) as a starting point to assess any opportunity that comes our way, though favourable, gives us a skewed perspective. : to move ahead of or beyond (someone or something) in a very quick and sudden way. irregular Verbs. Even in this age of rampant “globalisation”, perhaps as many as half the people on this planet still continue to find themselves outside the mainstream economy. a children's game in which a number of children bend down and another child jumps over them one…. Past tense for to find a way over an obstacle, such as by jumping or leaping. . a children's game in which a number of children bend down and another child jumps over them one…. Leap frogging meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Leap frogging in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages. 4. “Others were able to leapfrog over the parapets and quickly open the stockade gate. Che cosa è leapfrog? 1. a children's game in which a number of children bend down and another child jumps over them one…. Leapfrogging is a theory of development. Translation. Hindi. Sensible (decision, selection) (समझदारी भरा) Kick. leapfrog meaning in Hindi - leapfrog in Hindi | HelloEnglish: India's no. For example, countries that may have had little access to internet previously may find that Wifi is easier. Learn and practice the pronunciation of archipelago. It is based on Joseph Schumpeter's notion of ‘gales of creative destruction’. Leapfrogging meaning in Arabic: وتحقيق قفزات نوعية - meaning, Definition Synonyms at English to Arabic dictionary gives you the best and accurate Arabic translation and meanings of Leapfrogging, Meaning. Le principe du saute-mouton n'est cependant pas toujours suivi dans le Pacifique. dodged. saut de génération. Leapfrogging Synonyms For. to jump in or as if in leapfrog; skip ( over ) 3. . Translations in context of "leapfrogging" in technological" in English-Spanish from Reverso Context: Several participants emphasized that "leapfrogging" in technological terms could facilitate the transition to green growth. The word or phrase leapfrogging refers to a game in which one child bends down and another leaps over, or advancing as if in the child's game, by leaping over obstacles or competitors, or progress by large jumps instead of small increments, or jump across. a game in which each player in turn jumps, with legs spread wide, over the bent back of each of the other players. Meaning of Leapfrogging in Hindi language with definitions, examples, antonym, synonym. HinKhoj Hindi English Dictionary: Leapfrogging ( Leapfrogging ) Meaning of Leapfrogging (Leapfrogging) in English, What is the meaning of Leapfrogging in. Today, people and ideas are flowing across borders faster than ever before in human history. 3. ”. to cause to move as if in leapfrog: manufacturers leapfrogging prices. Leapfrogging is a concept used in many areas of economics and business, and was originally developed in the field of industrial organization and economic growth. I am an open minded individual who takes great pride in being creative and innovative. The Leapfrogging Inequality book put forth a Leapfrog Pathway that outlines a continuum of actions that should be considered so education can provide all students with the full breadth of skills. This is done by taking stock of existing technologies that have already been tried, tested and refined elsewhere in the world, and choosing to implement the most up-to-date version,. leapfrog [sth] ⇒ vtr. Meaning of Leapfrogging in Urdu language with definitions, examples, antonym, synonym. a person or animal that is last in a group to do something or the last to get to or leave a…. jump across. Debugging meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे. leapfrog significado, definição leapfrog: 1. 2. The authors conclude that leapfrogging could be an explanation for the fractality observed in many cities and urban systems. Păi, primul lucru de care avem nevoie este dezvoltare în salturi. i. v. Leapfrogging is the ability of a developing or less developed country to essentially "skip" less efficient and higher carbon -intensive technologies during the course of their development. (intransitive) to play leapfrog. advancing as if in the child's game, by leaping over obstacles or competitors "the company still believes the chip is a leapfrog in integration and will pay huge dividends" leapfrog verbleapfrog [sth/sb] ⇒ vtr. a. हिंदी में अर्थ पढ़ें. Technology Leapfrogging. Leapfrogging, here, happens when there is a divers e mix of educators extending beyond teachers and settings for education extending beyond schools, and when the use of technology and data that is. a children's game in which a number of children bend down and another child jumps over them one…. English - Italian Dictionary. Leapfrog definition: . Ce modèle de développement a permis aux pays émergents d'instaurer la consommation en ligne. (saltar sobre) a. leapfrogging meaning technology examples friends apush book urban technological concept originally used context economic growth theories industrial organization. ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ಓದಿ. Translation for 'leapfrog' in the free English-Spanish dictionary and many other Spanish translations. translation in hindi for Leap frog with similar and opposite. jump ahead. In addition to identifying the actors involved in the leapfrogging phenomenon, clarifying the role of individuals (consumers or customers) and showing whether they play a role of their own in the leapfrogging phenomenon or are merely a “result” or “outlet” of the leapfrogging actions and strategies of firms, industry, and. தமிழில் அர்த்தம் படிக்கவும். en leapfrogging. Leapfrogging. The mobile phone-based financial service . Meaning of Leapfrogging in Malayalam language with definitions, examples, antonym, synonym. , v. v. Traducción de "leapfrogging" en español. saltating. n. On a trip to Guangdong province, China, a couple of years. Translation Meaning Transliteration Leapfrogging Malayalam Telugu Urdu Punjabi Kannada Hindi Gujarati Bengali Marathi Nepali Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Filipino French. Traducción de "leapfrogging" en español. Simonime pentru leapfrogging și traducerea leapfrogging în 25 de limbi. catching. Meaning of leapfrogging (strategy). n. मानक हिन्दी (Hindi) Indonesia (Indonesian) Italiano (Italian) தமிழ் (Tamil) Türkçe (Turkish. Probably the most critical factor in this transformation has been the willingness of the continent to embrace change. towering. leapfrogging book . Scrapping meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Scrapping in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages by ShabdKhoj. Africa is not an exception, is not new to leapfrogging, and is generating its own innovations; 3. Leapfrogging Meaning in Hindi is . t. blasting off. [+ object] Skipping his last two years of high school, he leapfrogged his classmates and went to college. Today, people and ideas are flowing across borders faster than ever before in human history. scavalcarli. Look forward meaning in Hindi. Este salto ministerial desestabilizó a un gobierno que ya se estaba hundiendo. . Present participle for to advance or move forward, especially suddenly or quickly. Well, the first thing we need is, we need leapfrogging. Leapfrogging explained. to advance or cause to advance by jumps or stages. leapfrogging's Usage Examples: in 1941 to train troops for the Pacific theater of operations" island leapfrogging using landing craft and LCVP. Definitions and Meaning of leapfrog in English leapfrog noun. the adoption in a DC of an advanced technology, sometimes not yet widely adopted in IC. See examples of LEAPFROG used in a sentence. Know answer of question : what is meaning of Scaffolding in Hindi? Scaffolding ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Scaffolding का हिंदी में मतलब ). The practice of “Leapfrogging” shall not be utilized when conducting emergency vehicle operations. The concept of leapfrogging was originally used in the context of economic growth theories and industrial-organization innovation studies with specific focus on competition among firms. 3. to jump over (a person or thing) in or as if in leapfrog. When leapfrogging occurs, infill development often follows. The teacher leapfrogged the table to separate the fighting students. Whipsaw; Whiplash; Whip (Constitution)Finally, cases of ‘leaping’ (or ‘leapfrogging’), meaning early adoption of technologies despite late development, can be found across the developing world. In Latin America, smartphone usage continues to grow rapidly with 72% of total mobile connections in 2020, expected to reach an adoption rate of 80% by 2025. وفي مجتمع يتمحور أكثر فأكثر حول المعرفة، يصبح بناء القدرات المتعدد الجوانب ضرورة أساسية للنجاح في نقل. HinKhoj Hindi English Dictionary: Leapfrogging ( Leapfrogging ) Meaning of Leapfrogging (Leapfrogging) in English, What is the meaning of Leapfrogging in English Dictionary. leapfrog: 1 n a game in which one child bends down and another leaps over Type of: child's game a game enjoyed by children n advancing as if in the child's game, by leaping over obstacles or competitors “the company still believes the chip is a leapfrog in integration and will pay huge dividends” Type of: advance , advancement , forward motion. leapfrogging (strategy) in Korean : 개구리뛰기 (전략)…. leapfrogging (present participle) - with legs parted, vault oneself over the backs of others who are bending down: - (of a person or group) surpass or overtake another to move into a leading or dominant position: - pass over (a stage or obstacle):Leapfrog Attack: A leapfrog attack in the IT world is a situation where hackers or others obtain passwords or ID information in an initial attack, in order to use it in another, separate attack. One of the best-known example of leapfrogging is the adoption of mobile phones in the developing world. Image: Flikr. Meaning of leapfrogging. Leapfrogging – using the lack of existing infrastructure as an opportunity to adopt the most advanced methods – has been a highly effective strategy for developing nations over the last few decades. In the context of a Brand SERP, leapfrogging is a strategy used to push one piece of content above another using SEO tactics. leapfrogging meaning . Know answer of question : what is meaning of Plogging in Hindi? Plogging ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Plogging का हिंदी में मतलब ). net. Leapfrogging meaning in Bengali - লাফান; লাফ দেত্তয়া; লম্ফ দেত্তয়া; ; leapfrog; bound; leap; | English – Bangla & English (E2B) Online Dictionary. This year's technologies are leapfrogging last year's designs. leapfrogging (Perez and Soete, 1988), according to which some latecomers may be able to leapfrog older vintages of technology, bypass heavy investments in previous technological systems or stages, and make pre-emptive investments in emerging technologies to catch up with. a children's game in which each player in turn leaps over the others' bent backs, leaning on them with the hands and spreading the legs wide. Um caso especial é o que está relacionado. making it over. What is leapfrogging in education? The term is not commonly used in the education sector, and is more often employed to reference the rapid and non-linear progress made in telecommunications or. وتحقيق قفزات نوعية meaning in English: leapfrogging - meaning, Definition Synonyms at Arabic to English dictionary gives you the best and accurate English translation and meanings of وتحقيق قفزات نوعية, Meaning. 1. leap·frog (lēp′frôg′, -frŏg′) n. Leapfrogging was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Axis powers (most notably Japan) during World War II. Leapfrogging occurred beyond the city limits into other parts of Maricopa County as well. leap·frogged, leap·frog·ging, leap·frogs v. Traducere "leapfrogging" în română. उदाहरण. leapfrog 의미, 정의, leapfrog의 정의: 1. ”. It is important to understand the word properly when we translate it from English to Hindi. a game in which players take turns in leaping over another player bent over from the waist. verb intransitive Word forms: ˈleapˌfrogged or ˈleapˌfrogging. • The chief barrier to leapfrogging is government policy in developing countries. a children's game in which each player in turn leaps over the others' bent backs, leaning on them with the hands and spreading the legs wide. Leapfrogging. Cari . However, it is empirically questionable to. क्रिया शब्द प्रारूप: -frogs, -frogging or -frogged. [. Technological leapfrogging and socio-environmental leapfrogging may collide in its impact and direction toward development. Leapfrog definition: A game in which one player kneels or bends over while the next in line leaps over him or her. ): bound; jump; leap; spring (move forward by leaps and bounds) Sentence frame: Somebody ----s. 1. Given the record of progress over the past. evaded. Meaning of Leapfrogging in Kannada language with definitions, examples, antonym, synonym. Britannica Dictionary definition of LEAPFROG. traducir leapfrog: saltar al potro, pídola, saltar, dejar atrás, pídola. More specifically, we distinguish transformative leapfrogging that aims at system transformation (by co-shaping values and knowledge) from the. Translation Meaning Transliteration Leapfrogging Tamil Malayalam Telugu Urdu Punjabi Kannada Hindi Gujarati Bengali Marathi Nepali Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Spanish Dictionary. Leapfrog meaning in Hindi - लीपफ्रॉग मतलब हिंदी में - Translation. Emerging markets are leapfrogging the West in the utilization of technology and platforms. We provides India's most popular Hindi english services like meanings look-up, Translation , Vocabulary learning on desktop and mobile devices. English to Hindi Dictionary Tweet Hindi meaning of leapfrogging leapfrogging / verb / मेंढक कूद खेलना; Synonym leapfrog; Previous : conformation Nearby Words: lea leach leach hole leachability leachate leached saline soil See 'leapfrogging' also in: Google Translator Shabdkosh Wikipedia. Themobile-phone. Marathi. t. a. LEAPFROG definition: Leapfrog is a game which children play, in which a child bends over, while others jump. e. もっと見るcircumvented. El profesor saltó por encima de la mesa para separar a los estudiantes que se estaban peleando. leapfrogging development in Chinese : 跨越式发展…. Tamil. Find the answer of what is the meaning of leapfrogging in Tamil. v. The leapfrog concept is highly relevant to developing countries which can learn from an efficient transition of developed countries and avoid the risks associated with research and development as. Automated train and subway systems exist in many MICs, notably in. leapfrog meaning: 1. More subtly, the leapfrogging of the timeline in The Lord of the Rings by the different story threads. ] in which developing countries may accelerate development by skipping inferior, less. four seasons in spanish feu de bois meaning federal in a sentence. jumping. HinKhoj Hindi English Dictionary: Leapfrogging ( Leapfrogging ) Meaning of Leapfrogging (Leapfrogging) in English, What is the meaning of Leapfrogging in English Dictionary. IPA: lipfrɔg Hindi: लीप्फ्राग / लीप्फ्रॉग Practice translation Translated by SHABDKOSH translator. The key idea is to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target. verb. a game in which one child bends down and another leaps over. Domino Effect on Economy: According to the TRAI report, public Wi-Fi system on the WANI architecture can lead to a 10% rise in net penetration which in turn can lead to a 1. 2. verb intransitive Word forms: ˈleapˌfrogged or ˈleapˌfrogging. Kuki Educalingo digunakan untuk memperibadikan iklan dan mendapatkan statistik trafik laman web. com Dictionary. leapfrog संज्ञा. The reasoning is that those islands can simply be cut off from. Más información en el diccionario inglés-español. Classified under: Verbs of walking, flying, swimming. here and there. Instead of working through all previous iterations of a. The hypothesis proposes that companies holding monopolies based. Island Hopping or Leapfrogging is a Military strategy that is basically taking control of many different enemy islands to try and make the enemy surrender before troops step foot on the enemies territory. (transitive). Leapfrogging Meaning in Arabic. Find English Meaning of ایک کھیل جس میں ایک بچہ جھکتا ہے. I have been leapfrogging. This dictionary also provide you 10 languages so you can find meaning of Leapfrogging in Hindi, Tamil , Telugu , Bengali , Kannada , Marathi , Malayalam , Gujarati , Punjabi. Leapfrogging Meaning in Sanskrit. 2. e. Section 3 examines the empirical connections between technological leapfrogging and economic growth rate. Online applications open until January 31, 2022. 1. Scaffolding meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे. Leapfrogging Toward Success in Education. Leapfrog royalty-free images. click for more detailed Japanese meaning translation, meaning, pronunciation and example sentences. Concept of Leapfr. leapfrog Significado, definición, qué es leapfrog: 1. The Way Forward. . . What is sapping meaning in Hindi? The word or phrase sapping refers to a piece of metal covered by leather with a flexible handle; used for hitting people, or a person who lacks good judgment, or a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant, or excavate the earth beneath, or deplete. 2. leveraging. The three detours, in terms of innovation, include the following: the. This page also. A leapfrog appeal is where there is an exclusion clause bypassing the procedure of a case going to the Court of Appeal and enables it to reach directly to the Supreme Court. Leapfrogging in education is an ambitious and challenging goal; it cannot be achieved solely through better conceptualizations and awareness of innovative pedagogies. Scrapping meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे मीनिंग ) is. leapfrog [sth/sb] ⇒ vtr. Debugging meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Debugging in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages by ShabdKhoj. Verb. "Leapfrogging," the consequence of humans adjusting to their increased numbers, can be found in the Bible. The word or phrase leapfrogged refers to a game in which one child bends down and another leaps over, or advancing as if in the child's game, by leaping over obstacles or. i. Ingratiation. Tricycles are also used in the city as substitute of bicycle pedicabs. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Leapfrogging in Urdu is ایک کھیل جس میں ایک بچہ جھکتا ہے اور دوسرا اُس کے اُپر سے کُودتا ہے. 2. The name is known to mean "birdlike, lively. Sinonim leapfrogging dan terjemahan leapfrogging ke dalam 25 bahasa. anti frogging, -leapfrogging provision in Japanese :. Find Similar Words Find similar words to leapfrogging using the buttons below. Learn more. more . The LeapFrogging system tracks the measurements and is able to reconstruct the estimated path and provide a current position estimate to the users. : to go ahead of (each other) in turn. More subtly, the leapfrogging of the timeline in The Lord of the Rings by the different story threads. More Vietnamese Words for Leapfrogging.